Parts of a Sentence

The main two parts of a sentence are the subject and predicate, with the subject identifying whom or what the sentence is about and the predicate giving more information about the subject.

The elements within the predicate adding more detail or meaning, are verbs, direct objects, indirect objects, and subject complements.

We'll now look at each of these in more detail.

Subject

The subject of a sentence is the person, place, or thing that the sentence is about.

If it comes before an action verb (e.g. climb, eat, build, say etc) then it is the part of the sentence that shows whom or what is doing that action. If it comes before a state verb (e.g. is, see, smell) it tells us whom or what is in that state of being.

It is usually a noun or pronoun and can also include modifying words, phrases or clauses. Here are some examples of subjects in a sentence:

The woman...
Cars....
The boy in the red coat... (includes modifying phrase)

Predicate

While the subject is what the sentence is about, the predicate is what is being said about the subject.

It will always include a verb but will usually also include other elements. So these are what it will/may include:

Verb
Direct Object
Indirect Object + Direct Object
Direct Object + Object Complement
Subject Complement

In the examples below, the predicate is in bold.

The woman is hot.
Cars are blocking all the parking spaces.
The boy in the red coat is trying to find his toy.
She is a police officer.

Predicates as parts of a sentence can get a little more complex than this as there can be predicates within predicates when there are other clauses in the sentence (the ones above have just one clause) and there are also compound predicates.

Objects

The predicate always includes and starts with a verb, but it may also be followed by objects.

Direct Object

A direct object is the receiver of the action within a sentence, and it is usually a noun or pronoun. They are used with action verbs and are shown below in bold:

He built a cottage
The horse jumped the fence
He ate some dinner
I hit him

The complete predicate in this case is "built a cottage" and so on.

Indirect Object

Indirect objects can only be in a sentence if there is also a direct object. They indicate to whom or for whom the action of the sentence is being done. Again, the indirect object is usually a noun or pronoun.

They are shown below in bold (the direct object is now the last noun).

He built his family a cottage
She bought them some presents
He gave his girlfriend a kiss

The complete predicate in this case is "built his family a cottage" and so on.

Learn more about the difference between direct and indirect objects.

Object Complement

Object complements provide more information about or describe the direct object, and they can be nouns or adjectives.

He built the house shoddily.
Exciting films make me happy.
The students elected John as president of the student's union.

So to take the first one, the direct object is 'the house' and it is being described as 'shoddily built'.

The complete predicate is: "built the house shoddily".

Subject Complement

It was explained above that objects are used with action verbs. However, for state verbs (verbs that describe a state of being e.g. is, see, hear, feel etc) subject complements follow the verb.

A subject complement either renames or identifies the subject by including a noun - predicate nominative - or describes the subject by having an adjective - predicate adjective.

John is a really nice person
She seems happy
I was impressed by the film

The complete predicate in this case is "is a really nice person" and so on.

Parts of a Sentence Summary

The parts of a sentence can be divided into two main parts:

Subject: who or what the sentence is about
Predicate: what is being said about the subject

The predicate will start with a verb and could have various other elements:

verb + indirect object/direct object/object complement/subject complement

More on Sentence Structure:

Subject Complements: Predicate Adjectives and Predicate Nominatives
Here we demystify subject complements, predicate adjectives, and predicate nominatives with simple explanations and examples.
Parallelism Grammar Rules (Parallel Structure)
Parallelism is about balancing the grammatical structure of words, phrases and clauses in your sentences. Parallel structure will improve your writing's coherence.
Nominalisation in English Grammar: High Level Writing Tips
Nominalisation is an important aspect of academic writing. This lesson teachers you what this is and how you can use it effectively in your writing.
Phrases and Clauses - Building good sentences
Phrases and clauses are the key building blocks of sentences. A clause contains a subject and a verb and can express a complete thought. A phrase does not contain a subject or verb.
8 Parts of Speech in English Grammar
The 8 parts of speech are Nouns, Adjectives, Adverbs, Verbs, Prepositions, Pronouns, Conjunctions, and Interjections. Learn about the function of each of these grammatical categories.
Direct and Indirect Objects: The Differences
Direct and indirect objects are key parts of most sentences. A direct object is the receiver of action while indirect object identifies to or for whom or what the action of the verb is performed.
Examples of Parallelism in English Grammar
View examples of parallelism in English grammar that show you correct and incorrect parallel sentences.
How to Use Either and Neither with Examples
Advice on how to use either and neither in English grammar. They can be adjectives, adverbs, pronouns and conjunctions.
Types of Clauses in English Grammar - Independent and Dependent Clause
The two types of clauses in English grammar are the independent and dependent clause. Both have a subject and verb which makes them clauses, but while independent clauses express a complete thought, dependent clauses do not. This is the main distinction.
Using Object Complements in a Sentence
Using object complements in a sentence enhances your ability to convey specific information about actions and their outcomes.